COMPUTER STUDIES/INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

COMPUTING DEVICES II  (20TH CENTURY TILL DATE) ENIAC In 1946, John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert completed the ENIAC  (Electronic Numerical integrator and Computer) . It was the first general purpose computer. ENIAC contained 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighed 30 tons, occupied 1800 square feet of floor space and required 160 kilowatts of electrical power. The ENIAC used punched card for input and output. ENIAC was used by US for hydrogen bomb project and programming. EDVAC Features and components The EDVAC  (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)  is the successor of the ENIAC and was made by the same designers: John Mauchly and Presper Eckert in 1949.  Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal. It was the first designed stored program computer with memory capacity of 1000 words (later set to 1,024 words, thus giving a memory, in modern terms, of 5.5 kilobytes). It contains 6,000 vacuum tubes and consumed 56 KW of po...

LOGIC EQUATIONS Aside representing the functioning of a logic gate with truth table and grammatical definition, the use of logic equations can be used not only to represent logic gates and circuits, but also with the usage of some theorems and equivalences, to reduce the number of terms involved, simplifying the equation.

  Memory Unit The memory unit is the part of the computer that holds data and instructions for processing. Although it is closely associated with the CPU. In actual fact, it is separate from it. Memory unit associated with CPU is also called Primary Storage

LOGIC CIRCUIT  A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. It processes one or more input signal in a logical fashion. Depending on the input value or voltage, the logic gate will either output a value of ‘1’ for ON or a value of ‘0’ for OFF.

Unit of storage The storage capacity is the amount of space available for the storage of data in a particular storage media. The storage unit includes: ·     Bits: a bit is a contraction of the word “binary digit” and is denoted with

Storage Technologies and their Devices There are basically two types of storage, one is static or non-volatile storage. There are basically three kinds of storage technologies which are:

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT CPU is the hardware part of a computer that carries out the instruction of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical and input/output operations of the system. CPU is the brain of the computer where most operations,

  COMPUTING DEVICES I (PRE – COMPUTER AGE TO 19TH CENTURY) Abacus Features and components Abacus was invented around 500 BC. It was made up of strings or wires, frames and beads. Modern Abacus uses sliding beads in columns that are divided into two by a center bar. The upper part is called the heaven and each of the two beads (representing the two hands) is worth 5 when moved

  DATA AND INFORMATION Data Data are raw facts and figures without any added interpretation. Data can be defined as a representation of facts or concepts in a formalized manner which should be suited for interpretation or processing by

OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER SYSTEM WHAT IS COMPUTER? Definition of a Computer A computer can be defined as an electronic machine (device) which under the control of a stored program accepts data, stores the data, processes the data and brings out the results as information. Computer is an electronic device that accepts data inform of text, number, picture and sound through input devices, processes the data through processing device and produces result also known as information in a specified format through the help of installed program at a very fast speed. Computer as an IPO system Computer performs 4 key operations on data a.   Input        b.   Processing       c.   Output        d.   Storage Input:  data are entered into the computer through the input unit. Data are raw facts that are to be processed into meaningful form. Processing:  Computer performs cert...